ÇELEBI, Evlija

The Book of Travels

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Once, this humble one observed ten Frankish infidels with expert knowledge of geometry and architecture who were touring this light-filled mosque. The gatekeepers had let them in, and the caretakers had given them special shoes so they could walk around and see it. Wherever they looked, they put finger to mouth and bit it in astonishment. But when they saw the doors inlaid with Indian mother-of-pearl, they shook their head and bit two fingers each. And when they saw the enamel dome, they threw off their Frankish hats and cried out in awe, ‘Maria, Maria!’

Then they saw the four vaults at the skirt of the dome, resembling the Vault of Chosroes. They are like the rainbow, in accordance with the verse:

Like the milky way, with head raised high

He threw the lasso to the vault of the sky.

– each on as it were a vault created by the hand of God.

They gazed at these arches and at the rest of the mosque’s interior for an entire hour, with finger in mouth, then went outside into the courtyard. When they saw the four minarets, the four pedestals, the six lofty gates, the delightful courtyard and surrounding arches and domes, the columns and row on row of well-proportioned cupolas topped by gilded Muhammadan finials, their eyes were dazzled from the splendour. Once again they threw off the hats and walked all around this noble mosque bareheaded. Now in their awe, they bit all ten fingers, that being their way of expressing extreme astonishment.

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Called the “Age of he Scienticic Revolution,” the 17th century represents a major turning point in the history of science. The briljant proof by William Harvey of continuous circualation of the blood within the contained system was the 17th century’s most significant achievement in physiology and medicine. For the connection between arteries and veins to complete the circuit, Harvey assumed that there were capillaries even though he could not see them. The discovery of these microscopic structures was accomplished by Marcello Malpighi. Francis Glisson described the liver, stomach, and intestines in detail. In 1664, Thomas Willis published De Anatomie Cerebri, which was then the most thorough summary of the nervous system. Although these contributions had enormous importance to anatomy and physiology, only a few of the discoveries of the period were seen as useful for the practice of clinical medicine.

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